Soap has basic properties of surfactant cypress

2019-12-18 09:47:13

The characteristics of surfactants include: anionic, cationic, non-ionic, amphoteric surfactants. Among them, anionic surfactants include: carboxylates, sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates; cationic surfactants include: aliphatic amines and alkyl cyclic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic salts; non-ionic surfactants include: polyoxyethylene and fatty acid polyol esters; amphoteric surfactants are based on their middle cation According to the structure of ion part, amphoteric surfactants can be divided into betaine, amino acids, lecithin and imidazoline derivatives; according to the structure of anion part, they can be divided into carboxylates, sulfates, sulfonates and phosphates. They are characterized by their ability to function as cations or anions under different conditions. These surfactants have good detergency, foaming and emulsifying power, acid and alkali resistance, hard water resistance, anti-static and bactericidal functions, and some varieties also have good slow dyeing and same color and other special functions.

Adding soluble substances such as ethanol or soap to water will reduce the surface tension of aqueous solution to some extent, which is generally called surface activity. For soap, when its concentration is very low, the surface tension decreases sharply with the increase of soap concentration. Therefore, it can be considered that soap has the basic properties of surfactant cypress. Further studies have shown that when surfactants are added to water, h will be enriched on the surface of the solution, and the phenomenon of adsorption under the surface J will occur. Therefore, surfactant is a kind of substance: when it is added into water in a small amount, on the one hand, it can significantly reduce the surface tension (or interfacial tension) of water or solvent; on the other hand, it can also change the interface state of the system, resulting in a series of unique functions such as wetting / anti wetting, emulsification / demulsification, foaming / defoaming.

With the rapid development of surfactant industry in China, the output and varieties of surfactants are increasing. On the one hand, it is due to the wide application of surfactants in industrial and agricultural production, and more importantly, the increasing demand for household washing products in daily life.

Surfactants can be matched with each other, or can be combined with other auxiliaries to prepare liquid or solid detergents with different uses; in industry, there are various brands of heavy dirt cleaning agents, which are used for cleaning printing, machining, petrochemical, textile printing and dyeing, transportation and other equipment; in life, there are fruits and vegetables, tableware cleaning agents, shampoo, bath liquid, furniture brightener, liquid Body washing agent, etc. In addition, many new washing powders contain one or several surfactants with excellent performance to achieve the ideal whitening and washing effect.

It can be said that surfactants provide us with great convenience. They have deeply melted into our society and entered our life. In the washing process, surfactants form a unique directional arrangement between water and oil. A number of solute molecules or ions are associated to form aggregates invisible to the naked eye. These aggregates are ordered molecular combinations with nonpolar groups (lipophilic groups) as the core, oil covered inside and polar groups (hydrophilic groups) as the outer layer. We call them micelles. After the formation of micelle, its core is equivalent to hydrocarbon oil droplet, which has the ability of dissolving oil, making the whole solution show the ability of dissolving water and oil. Under the action of mechanical force, the glue group that tightly absorbs and adheres to the greasy dirt is separated from the carrier (clothing) and suspended in the water. Because the surface of the carrier adheres to the detergent, the greasy dirt will not return to the clothing surface again, so as to achieve the cleaning effect.