Alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is a new generation of environmental friendly green surfactant, which is made from natural or renewable resources. It is a new type of non-ionic surfactant.

With the increasing demand of detergent and surfactant industries, the fatty alcohol market is in rapid development. Fatty alcohols are mainly used to produce lubricants, mineral flotation agents and emulsifiers. The market is growing with the rapid development of the food, metal processing, personal care, textile, pharmaceutical, papermaking and agrochemical industries. In addition, the increasing demand for sustainable and biodegradable products has also promoted the development of this market.

With the continuous development of our economy, there are more and more unsafe factors in our life. For example, fire also happens from time to time. At first, we can not control this phenomenon. However, with the development of our science and technology, in order to prevent the occurrence of fire, people have developed flame retardants, which effectively prevent the unlimited spread of fire. So how do flame retardants prevent the spread of fire?

Alkyl glucoside (APG) is a new type of non-ionic surfactant which has been industrialized since 1990s. Alkyl glycosides are mixed products (mono glycosides, di glycosides, tri glycosides, etc., so they are also called alkyl polyglycosides) obtained by the loss of water under the catalysis of acid from the semiacetal hydroxyl and fatty alcohol hydroxyl of glucose.

Silicone rubber is a kind of rubber whose main chain is composed of silicon and oxygen atoms alternately, and the silicon atoms are usually connected with two organic groups. Ordinary silicone rubber is mainly composed of siloxane chain links containing methyl and a small amount of vinyl. The introduction of phenyl can improve the high and low temperature resistance of silicone rubber, while the introduction of trifluoropyl and cyano can improve the temperature and oil resistance of silicone rubber. Silicone rubber has good low temperature resistance and can still work under -55 ℃.

Zhouzhengmao, Secretary General of China flame retardant society, introduced that the increase of urbanization rate has brought about dense buildings and an increase in population density. At the same time, technological progress has also brought more and more electrical equipment and electronic products into the home, resulting in a significant increase in fire hazards.

In addition to the cleaning effect of the above cleaning agent, the emulsion prepared from surfactant also has the similar dissolution principle of solvent. The existence of internal oil phase will greatly enhance its dissolution and cleaning effect on oil stains.

The test set up two treatments with and without surfactant (APG) and control (CK), and each treatment was repeated for 3 times. The addition amount of surfactant APG is 100mg kg − 1 (stacking). During the stacking process, samples were collected from different parts of the compost on the 0d, 3D, 5D, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d of the compost, and the microbial quantity and enzyme activity of the compost were determined after full mixing. The test lasted 30 days (from August 11 to September 9, 2008).

Some biosurfactants can promote the removal of heavy metal ions from soil particles. The remediation effect of these biosurfactants on heavy metals in soil depends on their anionic (negatively charged) nature. They can adsorb to the soil and combine with heavy metal ions, so that they can be separated from soil particles into soil solution and combined into surfactant micelles.

In recent years, because some industrial and domestic wastewater is used for farmland irrigation, soil pollution tends to be serious. The solubilization and elution of surfactants to other organic pollutants and enhanced adsorption have been paid more and more attention. Surfactants and organic pollutants in soil mainly have the following modes of action: 1) surfactants and organic pollutants compete for adsorption sites on the soil surface. The result of this competitive adsorption can lead to the decrease of the adsorption amount of organic pollutants on the soil, thus increasing the concentration of organic pollutants in the soil solution. 2) The organic pollutants adsorbed on soil are dissolved into surfactant micelles, thus increasing the solubility of organic pollutants in soil solution.

In the washing industry, alkyl glycosides can be used not only as main surfactants, but also as auxiliary surfactants to mix with other surfactants, resulting in good synergistic effects. In the washing powder, alkyl glycosides were used to replace part of LAS. The performance of the washing powder was mild, and the resistance to hard water and decontamination were significantly improved

Biosurfactant is the secondary metabolite of microorganisms. It has amphiphilic molecular structure which is both lipophilic and hydrophilic. It has the characteristics of dispersion, solubilization, wetting and penetration, and can reduce the interfacial tension and surface tension. Compared with synthetic surfactants, biosurfactants have better biodegradability, biological adaptability and environmental friendliness.

There were two treatments with surfactant (APG) and control (CK) without surfactant, and each treatment had three repetitions. The addition amount of surfactant APG is 100mg kg − 1 (stacking). During the stacking process, samples were collected from different parts of the compost on the 0d, 3D, 5D, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d of the compost. After full mixing, the number of microorganisms and enzyme activity of the compost were measured. The test was conducted for 30 days (from August 11 to September 9, 2008).

There were two treatments with surfactant (APG) and control (CK) without surfactant, and each treatment had three repetitions. The addition amount of surfactant APG is 100mg kg − 1 (stacking). During the stacking process, samples were collected from different parts of the compost on the 0d, 3D, 5D, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d of the compost. After full mixing, the number of microorganisms and enzyme activity of the compost were measured. The test was conducted for 30 days (from August 11 to September 9, 2008).

As a new type of surfactant produced by microorganisms, biosurfactants have many advantages over chemical surfactants, such as low toxicity, degradability, ecological compatibility, high efficiency and stability. Therefore, biosurfactants are widely used not only in the fields of oil exploitation and transportation, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, textile industry and cosmetics industry, Moreover, more and more attention has been paid to its application in the field of environmental engineering, especially in soil remediation.

As a new type of surfactant produced by microorganisms, biosurfactants have many advantages over chemical surfactants, such as low toxicity, degradability, ecological compatibility, high efficiency and stability. Therefore, biosurfactants are widely used not only in the fields of oil exploitation and transportation, pharmaceutical industry, food industry, textile industry and cosmetics industry, Moreover, more and more attention has been paid to its application in the field of environmental engineering, especially in soil remediation.

In the production of wet process phosphoric acid, adding surfactant can improve the habit of crystallization process and obtain coarse and easily filtered calcium sulfate crystal. For example, adding alkylbenzene sulfonic acid (ABS), isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate or decyl benzene sulfonate into the reaction system can inhibit the formation of dihydrate crystal nucleus, make the crystal grow coarser, and promote the dielectric stability of hemihydrate crystal at lower temperature, so as to improve the filtration rate of phosphogypsum crystal and reduce the loss of P2O5.

Fluorine surfactant refers to the surfactant whose hydrogen on the hydrophobic group of hydrocarbon chain is completely replaced by fluorine atom. It is often used as emulsification, dispersion, defoaming, penetration, antistatic, acid and alkali resistance and lubricant. According to the structure of hydrophilic groups, fluorine surfactants can also be divided into cationic, anionic, amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants. Because the structure of its hydrophilic group is the same as that of hydrocarbon surfactant, the characteristics of fluorine surfactant are determined by carbon fluorine chain.

Ionic surfactants ionize in water. If they form positively charged hydrophobic groups, they are called cationic surfactants; If a negatively charged hydrophobic group is formed, it is called anionic surfactant. If there are anion and cation groups in a molecule at the same time, that is, after dissolving in water, it generates two kinds of charges: positive charge and negative charge, it is called amphoteric surfactant. Nonionic surfactants do not ionize in water and are electrically neutral.

Surfactant can reduce the interfacial tension and reduce the wetting angle θ Close to zero, the solid powder can be spontaneously dispersed in the surfactant solution. At the same time, the surfactant can help the liquid to wet the inner surface of the solid, make the liquid penetrate into the channels and voids between the aggregates inside the particles, provide a certain pressure, and destroy the strengthening bond force of the particle aggregates under the action of machinery.