The molecular structure of amphoteric surfactants has hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. The properties related to surface tension can be adjusted by changing the structure of hydrophilic part of surfactant molecule. For example, polymethylsiloxane (silicone resin) is more effective, and the unique surface activity of silicone oil is due to the hydrophobic Si - O group being shielded by hydrophilic methyl groups. Fluorinated alkyl group can further reduce the surface tension, fluorine atom has the appropriate covalent radius to shield the carbon chain from space, and the fluoroalkyl group has little interaction with other groups. Fluorosurfactants can be seen from the example of perfluorooctanoic acid [n - c7f15cooh], where the mass fraction of perfluorooctanoic acid is 0101%, the surface tension of water decreases from 72 Mn / m to 1512 Mn / m.

According to the flame retardant standard, phase flame retardant, also known as flame retardant, fire retardant or fire retardant, is a general term for substances that can hinder flame combustion. According to the composition, flame retardants can be divided into organic flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants and so on. Its action principle includes physical principle, chemical principle and so on. Flame retardants are widely used in building and textile materials. Flame retardant plastics are the main flame retardant products.

With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of living standards, polymer materials, especially synthetic polymers, such as plastics and rubber, are playing a more and more important role in people's life, and their applications are expanding year by year. However, most of the organic polymer materials have different degrees of flammability in the air. In order to realize their application in military, aerospace, transportation, power and civil industries, flame retardant modification of them has become a new topic. The ideal method of flame retardant modification of plastics is to improve the fire resistance of plastics by adding flame retardant or flame retardant masterbatch.

Generally speaking, organic flame retardants have good affinity. In plastics, brominated flame retardants occupy an advantage in organic flame retardant systems. Although there are many criticisms on environmental protection, it is difficult to be replaced by other flame retardant systems.

The cationic alkyl glucoside is stable in performance, and does not change its performance in washing liquid and washing powder to meet the requirements of processing technology, and has greater compatibility with the system. The addition of the alkyl glucoside can make the detergent foam more delicate and reduce friction, and is more suitable for the washing of fine clothes. It has no cloud point and no gel, and it can improve the water solubility and resistance of the system by adding the system.

According to the theory of dyeing and the physicochemical principle of surfactant, the application of surfactant as dyeing assistant in dyeing can be discussed in the following three aspects.

The unique properties of fluorinated surfactants are often summarized as "three high" and "two hydrophobic", that is, high surface activity, high thermal stability and high chemical stability; its fluoroalkyl groups are both hydrophobic and oleophobic.

The traditional fluorine-containing surfactants are mainly single chain type. At present, double chain fluorinated surfactants are attracting great interest. There are two kinds of double chain fluorocarbon surfactants reported. The first type is that the double chain is fluorocarbon chain, and the second type is double chain, which is carbon fluorine and hydrocarbon chain respectively. The latter is often called hybrid surfactants.

In order to prevent flocculation and sedimentation of coatings, and keep the viscosity of coatings as low as possible, so as to obtain good fluidity and coating adaptability, surfactants must be used as dispersants. In order to improve the speed of coating locomotive and save energy, it is necessary to use high solid content coatings. As a kind of surfactant with excellent performance, fluorine surfactant has little dosage and excellent effect, so it is an ideal dispersant for coatings. In order to prevent flocculation and sedimentation of coatings, and keep the viscosity of coatings as low as possible, so as to obtain good fluidity and coating adaptability, surfactants must be used as dispersants.

Surfactant molecules are first adsorbed on the interface between oil and solution. Under the action of lipophilic and hydrophilic groups of surfactant, plus the convection and agitation of the solution, the oil gradually separates from the metal surface and enters into the solution, forming an extremely small spherical emulsion. When the surface of the parts is strongly corroded after removing the oxide scale, various harmful gases and gases will be produced during the corrosion process When the body escapes, it produces acid fog, which has a great impact on the environment and equipment. If a small amount of OP emulsifier is added to the pickling tank, the surface of the pickling solution can produce a layer of foam to prevent the acid mist from escaping.

The surfactant can reduce the interfacial tension and make the wetting angle θ close to zero, and the solid powder can be spontaneously dispersed in the surfactant solution. At the same time, surfactant can help the liquid to wet the inner surface of solid, so that the liquid can penetrate into the channels and voids between the aggregates in the particles, provide a certain pressure, and under the action of mechanical force, the strengthening bond force of particle aggregates is destroyed. At the same time, surfactants can help to grind, reduce the surface energy of particles, prevent the surface of the damaged surface from bonding, so as to prevent particles from coalescence.

The main reaction in the synthesis of cationic surfactants is N-alkylation, in which tertiary amine reacts with alkylation reagent to form quaternary ammonium salt, which is also called quaternization reaction.

The principle of surfactant oxygenation: adding surfactant to aquaculture water can increase the saturation solubility of oxygen in aquaculture water. According to hydrate formation theory and double membrane theory, because the solubility of oxygen in water is very small, water oxygenate usually forms at the gas-liquid interface, and then slowly diffuses from the gas phase to the liquid phase. In the water containing surfactant, due to the solubilization of surfactant, a large amount of oxygen is dissolved in the surfactant micelles formed in the aqueous solution. Thus, the formation of water oxygenates in the surfactant aqueous solution can occur not only at the gas-liquid interface, but also within the water body, which reduces the formation time of water oxygenates and improves the oxygen content in water Solubility in.   

Flame retardant is a functional assistant that gives flammability to flammable polymers. It is mainly designed for the flame retardancy of polymer materials. There are many types of flame retardants, which can be divided into additive flame retardant and reactive flame retardant according to the use method. Additive flame retardants are added to the polymer by mechanical mixing method to make the polymer have flame retardancy. At present, the additive flame retardants mainly include organic flame retardant and inorganic flame retardant, halogenated flame retardant (organic chloride and organic bromide) and non halogen.

Polymer surfactant not only has excellent emulsifying stability, but also can give the emulsion special properties, which is incomparable with ordinary surfactants. Polymer surfactant has a strong emulsifying ability. When a certain amount of graft copolymer is dissolved in oil (water), the oil-water system will be emulsified and the emulsion will be stable after sufficient oscillation.

As one of the important industries of national economy, chemical industry is the basic industry and pillar industry in many countries. China has become the world's largest consumer of chemicals, and a large number of chemicals are used in all kinds of industries. Basic chemicals and special chemicals have vitality and development potential in the chemical industry. In order to promote the rapid development of basic chemicals and special chemicals industry, accelerate the popularization and application of products, and strengthen the exchange and cooperation between industries.

The three biosurfactants have different removal effects on heavy metals: 0.5% rhamnolipid has a better removal effect on Cu with a removal rate of 65%; 4% sophorite has a better removal effect on Zn, which is 60%; while safantin has no significant effect on both, the removal rates are only 15% and 6%. The changes of speciation of heavy metals in sediments were also studied. Rhamnolipid and savantoin mainly removed organically bound Cu, and sophorite mainly removed oxide bound and carbonate bound Zn. This study also confirmed that the method of washing sediment with biosurfactant to remove heavy metals is feasible.

Generally speaking, biosurfactant has excellent performance in pollution control. Due to the strict requirements of biosurfactant production conditions such as temperature and pressure, the product extraction is difficult, and the separation and extraction of tile products and the purification process of crude products are complex. Therefore, the scale of biosurfactant fermentation production in China is small and the product price is high. Therefore, the cost and other parties are considered Surface factor biosurfactants have not been widely used in soil remediation.

Human concern for waste plastics began in the 1960s. However, due to the rapid growth of waste plastics in the past 30 years, it is urgent to recycle and reuse waste plastics. Therefore, some developed countries have formulated relatively perfect policies and regulations and established effective recycling and reuse systems. According to statistics, the recycling of waste plastics has become an urgent task In Europe, for example, the recycling rate is 11%, 21% is burned and 14% is transported abroad for treatment.

Surfactants with excellent properties have become the focus of research. Gemini surfactants are compounds with two hydrophobic groups, two hydrophilic groups and one linker, which are similar to two common single chain surfactants connected by a bridge. The structure of Gemini surfactant inhibits the repulsion between hydrophilic groups in the process of surfactant ordered aggregation, which greatly improves the surface activity. Compared with traditional surfactants, it has high surface activity, low Krafft point and good calcium soap dispersion, and simultaneous interpreting in biological safety, low irritation and biodegradability. Gemini surfactant is expected to play an important role in textile industry, especially detergent.